How to reproduce:

Open the attached project “IN-153981”
Open TestHashset.cs, add a blank line at the end, and save (Ctrl+S)
Return to the Editor and wait for the recompile to finish
In Assets, find Scene1 and open it
In the Hierarchy find the GameObject named Test
Select Test and expand the Set field on the TestHashset component in the Inspector
Set the array size from 0 to 1
Observe the crash

Actual result: The program crashes after setting value to 1
Expected result: The program continues to work with the increased array size

Reproduced with: 6000.6.0b1, 6000.6.2f1, 6000.7.0b1, 7000.0.0a1
Not reproducible with: 6000.0.0f1, 6000.0.84f1, 6000.3.25f1, 6000.6.0a7

Reproduced on: Windows 11, Windows 10 (user)
Not reproducible on: No other environments tested

Notes:

On 6000.6.0a7 and below, when trying to reproduce, instead of crashing, the project silently fails. In turn, flooding the console with error messages
Crash reproduces inconsistently, and bug reporter shows up rarely

First few lines of stack trace:
0x00007FFCB215C280 (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\mini\mini-exceptions.c:3490] mono_handle_native_crash
0x00007FFCB2067F2D (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\mini\mini-runtime.c:3655] mono_sigsegv_signal_handler_debug
0x00007FFCB21D98A3 (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\mini\mini-windows.c:269] seh_vectored_exception_handler
0x00007FFD662E6896 (ntdll) RtlLocateExtendedFeature
0x00007FFD662E5C66 (ntdll) RtlLocateExtendedFeature
0x00007FFD664040DE (ntdll) KiUserExceptionDispatcher