"Undefined symbol" errors appear when building an empty project

How to reproduce:
1. Download and open the attached project
2. Switch to the iOS platform and build the project.
3. Build the exported project with Xcode.

Expected result: Build succeeds
Actual result: Build fails with errors "Undefined symbol: Il2CppCodeGenWriteBarrier(void*, void)
Undefined symbol: il2cpp_codegen_get_virtual_call_method_pointer(MethodInfo const*)
Undefined symbol: il2cpp_codegen_get_generic_virtual_method_internal(MethodInfo const*, MethodInfo const*, VirtualInvokeData*)"

Reproduced with: 2020.3.45f1, 2021.3.18f1, 2022.2.6f1, 2023.1.0b3, 2023.2.0a1
Reproducible on: macOS 13.1 Ventura (M2)
Could not reproduce on: macOS 13.1 Ventura (Intel Core i5)