"Prefab mismatch: The instance object in the scene is referencing a corresponding source object in the Prefab of a different type." thrown when applying added GameObject to a Prefab

How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached project "LearningUnityV2.0.zip"
2. Right mouse click on the "Barrier" Prefab in the Hierarchy window
3. Click 3D Object>Cube
4. Right mouse click on the newly created cube in the Hierarchy window
5. Click Added GameObject>Apply to Prefab 'Barrier'

Expected results: No errors thrown in the Console window
Actual results: "Prefab mismatch: The instance object in the scene is referencing a corresponding source object in the Prefab of a different type." thrown in the Console window

Reproducible with: 2022.3.0f1, 2023.1.0a15, 2023.1.0b17, 2023.2.0a17
Not reproducible with: 2020.3.48f1, 2021.3.25f1, 2023.1.0a14

Reproducible on: Windows 10