Profiler shows wrong call stack information when profiling a player that is built using Visual Studio

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached project “ProfilerBug”
2. Open the Visual Studio Solution “Project location/Build/profiler_callstack”
3. Build the player via the Visual Studio Editor
4. Open the Profiler Window>Analysis>Profiler
5. In the Profiler controls section enable Call Stacks
6. In the Module details panel search for “gc.alloc”
7. In the Module details panel change the No Details option to Related Data
8. In the player press the button called “Button”
9. Observe the call stacks shown in the Profiler

Expected result: The call stack list does not contain the call stack “FileIndex”
Actual result: Call stack “FileIndex” appears in the call stack list

Reproducible with: 2021.3.19f1, 2022.2.8f1, 2023.1.0b6, 2023.2.0a4
Couldn't test with: 2020.3.45f1 (Profiler does not show any data)

Reproducible on: Windows 11