BadImageFormatException is thrown by the Licensing Client in the Unity Hub

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the Unity Hub

Expected results: Unity Hub opens successfully
Actual results: Unity Hub fails to open

Reproducible with: 3.7.0

Reproducible on: Windows 11 (reported by the user)
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

Notes:

• Issue was not reproduced by CQA
• Error in the info-log.json file: “Process exited with code 3221225725”
• Full error is in the Internal Notes