"System.ArgumentException: Version string portion was too short or too long. (Parameter 'input')" is thrown when building the project for UWP

How to reproduce:
1. Open the user's attached project
2. Build the project for UWP

Expected results: The Build is successful
Actual results: The Build fails with "System.ArgumentException: Version string portion was too short or too long. (Parameter 'input')"

Reproducible with: 6000.0.31f1, 6000.1.0a8
Could not test with: 2021.3.47f1, 2022.3.54f1 (compilation errors in the Console window)

Reproducible on: Windows 11 23H2
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested