"Failed to resolve assembly" error is thrown and the Build fails when the project has a source generator DLL

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached “SourceGenerator” project
2. Build and Run
3. Observe the results

Expected Result: The build succeeds
Actual Result: The build fails and an error is thrown

Reproducible with: 2021.3.40f1, 2021.3.41f1
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.39f1, 2022.3.40f1, 6000.0.13f1

Reproducible on: Windows 11 Pro
Not reproducible on: No other environments tested

Note: The full error message is in the Internal Notes