Crash on BackupState::MemoryIDToFileID::operator() when entering Play Mode

How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached project "VR_2023_II.zip"
2. Enter Play Mode

Reproducible with: 2021.3.27f1, 2022.3.3f1, 2023.1.1f1
Could not test with: 2023.2.0a20 (compilation errors in the Console window)

Reproducible on: Windows 10

First few lines of the stack trace:
0x00007FFFF8456C10 (Unity) strncmp
0x00007FFFF5EDFF3A (Unity) BackupState::MemoryIDToFileID::operator()
0x00007FFFF5EF7D71 (Unity) IterateTypeTreeEx<IterateTypeTreeFunctorAdaptor[BackupState::MemoryIDToFileID|BackupState::MemoryIDToFileID] >
0x00007FFFF5F03A17 (Unity) SerializableManagedRefTransfer::Transfer<SerializableManagedRefBackupGenerator>
0x00007FFFF5FFC584 (Unity) SerializedFile::WriteObject
0x00007FFFF5FE6543 (Unity) PersistentManager::WriteFile