Build fails on "InvalidOperationException" error when building a specific project

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached “repro_IN-95499“ project
2. Open the “Build Profiles“ window (“File → Build Profiles“)
3. Build the project (“Build“ button)
4. Observe the build process

Expected result: The build succeeds
Actual result: The build fails

Reproducible with: 6000.0.37f1

Reproducible on: Windows 11 (24H2) (user’s)
Not reproducible on: No other environments tested

Note: Not reproduced by CQA