Scene Color in shadergraph uses a _CameraOpaqueTexture to represent the scene with opaque geometry. However in 2D, the renderer doesn't use opaques, and only transparents.
Please use _CameraSortingLayerTexture in your shadergraph instead of Scene Color. It takes a snapshot of the colors on your screen at a particular Sorting Layer of the transparent render pass. Ensure CameraSortingLayerTexture is enabled in your Renderer2D Data asset by selecting the Foremost Sorting Layer.
For samples, you can look at https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/2d-renderer-samples/tree/21.1