PersistentManager missing file assertions thrown on IL2CPP debug build when loading an AssetBundle

How to reproduce:
1. Build the Linux Editor and LinuxPlayerIL2CPP (debug) from source
[or the Mac Editor and MacPlayerIL2CPPNoDevelopment]
2. Open the user attached project (1162928-HB-PersistentAsset.zip)
3. Build and run the project with development and scripting debugging options enabled
4. Observe the messages in the player's log window

Expected result: the build runs without errors and the player's error log window doesn't show up
Actual result: "PersistentManager" errors are thrown in the player's error log window

Reproducible with: 2021.2.14f1, 2022.2.0a6, trunk (2023.2)

Reproducible on: Ubuntu 20.04
Reproducible on: macOS
Not reproducible on: Windows 10

Notes:
1. The issue is not present when building on Editors downloaded from the Unity Hub and QA Multitool
2. "C++ compiler configuration" in the "Player settings" has to be set to "Release" otherwise the issue doesn't reproduce and the player crashes on launch