Sampling depth buffer in fragment shader fails to render when GPU is GTX 1080 or GTX 1080 Ti

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached “depth-texture-repro.zip” project
2. Enter Play mode
3. Hold down the “D” keyboard key and observe the Game window

Expected result: The game view is rendered and GameObjects are visible
Actual result: A black screen is shown and GameObjects are not visible

Reproducible with: 2021.3.31f1, 2022.3.11f1, 2023.1.17f1, 2023.2.0a15
Couldn't test with: 2023.2.0a16, 2023.2.0b14, 2023.3.0a11 (Due to errors in the console)

Reproduced on: Windows 11 Pro GTX 1080
Not reproduced on: Windows 10 Pro RTX 3050 Ti

Note: The reporter noted that this issue is reproducible on some older GPUs, specifically GTX 1080 and GTX 1080 Ti