Player crashes on il2cpp::vm::Runtime::InvokeWithThrow when using the "when" keyword in a try-catch block and calling the Log.DebugException() method

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the "IN-47180.zip" project
2. Open "Assets/Scenes/SampleScene"
3. Build and Run the project

Expected result: The Player does not crash
Actual result: The Player crashes

Reproducible with: 2021.3.28f1, 2022.3.5f1, 2023.1.5f1, 2023.2.0b1

Reproducible on: Windows 10

Note: Crashes only when the Debug.LogException() method is called in the regular catch block

First lines of stacktrace:
(GameAssembly) [%USERPROFILE%\Downloads\IN-47180_CatchWhenCrash\Library\Bee\artifacts\WinPlayerBuildProgram\il2cppOutput\cpp\Assembly-CSharp.cpp:417] CatchWhenCrash_Start_m006783440FB0EC0FDD75023A6D7F796A07F93A7A
(GameAssembly) [C:\Program Files\Unity\2022.3.5f1_9674261d40ee_x64\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\vm\Runtime.cpp:605] il2cpp::vm::Runtime::InvokeWithThrow
(GameAssembly) [C:\Program Files\Unity\2022.3.5f1_9674261d40ee_x64\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\vm\Runtime.cpp:590] il2cpp::vm::Runtime::Invoke