Crash on MonoStringToCpp when recompiling scripts

Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached project "CrashRepro"
2. Enter the Play mode

Expected result: The Play mode starts
Actual result: The Editor crashes

Reproducible with: 2021.3.7f1
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.35f1, 2022.3.19f1, 2023.2.10f1, 2023.3.0b6
Fixed in: 2021.3.8f1

Reproducible on: Windows 10, Windows 11 (by user)
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

First few lines of stack trace:

0x00007FFEA18B567C (KERNELBASE) RaiseException
0x00007FFDF7E9064C (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\utils\mono-log-common.c:143] mono_log_write_logfile 
0x00007FFDF7E7C4A2 (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\eglib\goutput.c:172] monoeg_g_logv_nofree 
0x00007FFDF7E7C508 (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\eglib\goutput.c:187] monoeg_g_log 

Note: Reproduces less than 5% of the time