Scripts are not compiled when using certain folder/asmdef configurations in the Assets folder

How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached Project "TEST_SCRIPTCOMPILE_2.zip"
2. Observe the Console

Expected result: Compilation errors are present in the Console
Actual result: No errors are present in the Console

Reproducible with: 2022.2.0a13, 2022.3.13f1, 2023.1.20f1, 2023.2.0b18, 2023.3.0a14
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.32f1, 2022.2.0a12

Reproduced on:

• MacOS (13.5.2, Intel) Editor
• Windows 10 Editor (User-supplied information)

Notes:

• In the provided Project changing the names of the folders "in" and "in2" to something without "in" makes the issue not reproducible
• Removing any of the asmdef files in the Project makes the issue not reproducible
• Moving the Script in the project to the Assets folder, or to any of the folders containing the asmdef makes the issue not reproducible